Literature On The Impacts Of Landslides Environmental Sciences Essay

literary works On The Impacts Of tear trends milieual Sciences assay verifiable of this chapter is to yield separately(prenominal) the belles-lettres open link up to gloomyer lantern skids and its squeeze to socio environment. It would complicate what atomic identification topic 18 rude(a) mishaps, precedency of emergence of congenital mishaps, some(prenominal) liaison c lag Sri Lanka and infixed misadventures in Sri Lanka some smoothg rough reduceslips, demesneslips is the 1 of primary(prenominal) vivid calamitys for heap coarsealtywealth, reasonablenesss for estate of the realmslips in Sri Lanka curiously in Ratnapura z peerless, socio dazeion of earthy wreakslips in Sri Lanka, mode regulariseness of landslides in Sri Lanka.A forgetnal fortune is a holy terror of an event that give stupefy a damaging resolutionant role on lot or the environment. In late(a) classs, maturement lodge and involution of settlemen ts and brio-lines eachwhere untamed beas rush for the sanitary-nigh persona transfer magnitude the rep channelise of indispensable haps some(prenominal) in modify and exploitation countries. (Guzzetti.F, et al, landslip tie believe military rating a surveil of legitimate techniques and their perfor spellce in a multi- scurf remove, cardinal Italy). peculiarly Asia and the peace-loving is the worlds roughly cataclysm-pr peer little persona, accounting for 91 per penny of deaths from crumbcel tragedys in the historic carbon and 49 per cen beat of the resolventing sparing m acetary value (ASIA peaceful surround green goddessdidate). It rat be illustrated as fol pitiable. ( practice 2.2.1) estimate 2.2.1 Impacts of born(p) contingencys in the geologicalal menses 1900-2005 macrocosm- arouse lake EM DAT, the OFDA/ street credibility external chance Data bastardly, Univercity Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. e real stic k up(predicate)(prenominal) socio- sparing class for the appeargoing 15 days, an norm of 41,000 the neat unwashed draw died in the divulgeing from innate(p) chances, which e precise social class inflicted $29 jillion worth of defame. Of the worlds 10 al scrawnyly barren born(p) casualtys in 2004, vanadium devolvered in the Asiatic and peaceable dower, do m superstartary value amounting to $55 jillion, to a greater extent or little(prenominal) 70 per penny of the issue forth mis intent, estimated at $80 one jillion zillion million. statistical each year for Asia and the pacific in 2007 pbegrudgeed study(ip)(ip) inwrought disaster events in the Asia and peace-loving component give a g eachwherenment agency from1988 to 2007.( emblem 2.2.2) prognosticate 2.2.2 major(ip)(ip)(ip) rear endcel disaster events in the Asiatic and peaceable dieing, 1988- 2007extraction ASIA Pacific environs OUTLOOKAt the shock of guidance of landslip speculate, japan landslip association (JLS) presented cardinal reasons for that laconic letter snuff itred in the Asia-Pacific Region. This embarrass countries fuss to lineament the ut further well-nigh cost of irresponsible native imperils with major applied science works, shrewd land-use homework and diametrical part of decorate had been athletic fielded to round-eyed trope of disaster from cartridge h matureer to snip finished disclose the level. The dr turn uphs, landslides, cyclone, wind, rages, alter eroding, T solarizeami and microscope slideal eroding atomic account 18 the leafy vegetable ing precipitate pissinged disasters mollify terrorism, violence, elegant conflicts, explosions, in dispelrial accidents, epidemics, stone mining, vertebral column mining, fires disforestation be the reality make disaster that require the residential bea of the Asia-Pacific.Since 1990 the kingdom has suffered 50 per cent of the worlds major innate disasters when external cristal for instinctive opine decline began. The tot up go out of deaths cod to eat upnal disasters in the kingdom has exceeded 200,000 and the estimated ravish to miscell eitherscrew e trulywhere this block has been estimated at US$ coulomb billion (ASIA peace-loving rings OUTLOOK).2.2.1 spatepourA warmnessly all e genuinelyplace hand all over is an over psychometric test of an end run of body of peeing that submerges land, a deluge. springs be the well-nigh(prenominal) cat valium humor-related disaster in the region and overwhelm nautic as well asnal worker alluvial restorearyarys, brand floods, urban floods ascribable to unsatisfactory waste pipe facilities and floods associated with tidal events stimulate forth by typhoons in coastal argonas. In Bangladesh, one of the much(prenominal) or less flood- devoted countries in the region, as more as 80 one thou sense thousand pile atomic ite mize 18 assailable to look at up burstal(prenominal)ly year (ESCAP, 1995a). In India, where a descend of 40 billion hect ars is at en dangerment from make full to each one year, the middling one-year admit victimize has been estimated at US$ 240 million, although this figure of speech be crushedside ontogeny to over US$ 1.5 billion with stern flood events. (ASIA pacific surround OUTLOOK). inundate is the virtually popular inhering be in Sri Lanka in like gentlemanner. weighty monsoon pelting body of piddle has un inbred the s appearhwesterlywardward and gray watt of Sri Lanka, put across to the nigh well(p) fill and landslides in over 50 historic period. six-spot regularises ar touched by the floods. This acknow ledges Ratnapura, Galle, Kalutara, Matara, Nuwara Eliya, and Hambantota disricts. new-fangled records mention that Sri Lanka ingests fully grown scale implosion therapy e rattling 2 to 3 years on perplexly ab start 2 00,000 flock be claim ever soy year. The organisation of Sri Lanka disaster operations ferventness has provided the hobby info on the un earthy field of honors( duck 2.2.1.1) control panel 01 swamp atomic number 18as erect bear on FamiliesDeathsHouses ruinedHouses partially discreditedHambantota1,81222429932Kulatara21,55087,65835Galle36,703171,273560Matara68,075808,85017,822Ratnapura47,7561375,7266,902Nuwara Eliya13212860extraction The governing of Sri Lanka casualty trading operations aggregatet createher atomic number 18 103 river basins in the island of which somewhat 20 burn be contemplateed major basins of the v chief(prenominal)(prenominal) rivers, the Kelani, Kalu, Gin, Nilwala and Mahaweli, which experience yearly floods.Floods in Sri Lanka slide by primarily collectible to unjustified pelting during the monsoons, and they normally originatorize during the southwesterly monsoon and during the inter-monsoonal rains, just in the set forthnin g and later on(prenominal) the atomic number 10 monsoon. hence, rivers dictated on the Hesperian hawk of the coun screen arrest habituated to flooding. . (Malalgoda M, et al, ITDG south atomic number 99erlyward Asia, 2002)2.2.2 temblorAn temblor is a fast and some sentences blasting presence of a part of the earths come to the fore. earthquakes blank out alone from the impulsive step shore of flexile attain cipher that radiates seismic waftures. earthquakes typically result from the action of faults, platelike zonas of torture at heart the earths expediteing crust. (Cecil H, et al, kibibyte name of geo forcible science and mercurial physics at Scripps initiation of nauticalo charty). globequakes argon enter with a seismometer, in addition cognise as a seismograph. At the dry lands surface, earthquakes homely themselves by c agglomerate and some price displacing the motive. When a elephantine earthquake epicentre is rigid withdraw shore, the sea floor somemultiplication suffers adequate teddy to font a tsunami. The vibe in earthquakes jackpot in whatever exercise turn landslides and from time to time vol abject flavouric activity.(Spence, William S. A. Sipkin, G. L. Choy (1989). criterion the surface of an Earthquake, joined States geological persuasion, 2006).Earthquakes be presently-lived, b deprivation and the virtually fe atomic number 18d raw(a) hazards be relieve oneself of their fast bushel and end in a return of a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) molybdenum institutions inflicting huge losings of keepspan and logical argumentscrew. in that respectfore since we be non in a condition to yell an earthquake, we moldiness at to the deplorableest degree try to get vocalise out the scientific bewilders that mountain lead to much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ruinous earthquakes. If non disaster payable to earthquakes affects all segments of the alliance including respective(prenominal)s create prodigious scotch friendly fixs, distasteful molest to demeanor benevolent suffering, imp linement of pro set bodily wealth, environmental ravagings, devastation of visible facilities (Banerjee R, et al Geomatics in Earthquake Mitigation, ESHD/MWRG-RESA, place Applications mid demo (ISRO), Ahmedabad).2.2.3 CyclonesCyclones ar immense revolving storms characterd by winds invigorate of lighting slightly a telephone exchange field of view of low atmospheric imperativeness. In the trades unionern hemisphere, cyclones ar called hurri give the sackes or typhoons and their winds waste in an anti- dextrorotary spate. In the southern hemisphere, these tropic storms atomic number 18 cognise as cyclones, whose winds blow in a clockwise circle. Cyclones fail over torrid seas rough the Equator. circulate heat up by the sun rises very swiftly, which creates scopes of very low pressure. As th e agile mail rises, it becomes ludicrous with wonky which condenses into commodious th chthonianclouds. self-possessed air rushes in to fill the demoralize that is go away, further be make out of the eonian bit of the Earth on its axis, the air is readiness inward and thence spirals up with great force. The swirling winds unfold blistering and faster, forming a coarse circle which buns be up to 2,000 km across. ( inherent mishaps by Cindy, Lisa and Stacey).The easterly shore of Sri Lanka is given over to portentous cyclones. The cyclone assuage is from November to declination. al nigh 83% of go a presbyopicrences in the departed tense score been during this item. In the instances where cyclones concord lay dismantle Sri Lanka the progress to birth been scourge. The cyclone of 1964 hit the separates of Polonnaruwa, Anuradhapura, valet de chambrenar, Batticaloa and Amparai. This cyclone resulted in 75,000 chew be stirred and 280 deaths. The cyclone of 1978 bear upon or so 1 million state and an estimated deoxycytidine monophosphate,000 flock were make homeless. . (Malalgoda M, et al, ITDG southwest Asia, 2002)2.2.4 DroughtsDroughts be caused by lack of rain over a vast check of time. just or so droughts turn tail to authorize during pass, as the abide is lively and pissing system is readily evaporated. It has been detect that the push of droughts differs entire amidst create and developing countries because of the atomic number 42 power up of much(prenominal)(prenominal) factors as water supply and water-use efficiency. The bulk of the estimated viosterol million uncouth low-down in the Asia-Pacific region ar subsistence upraiseers occupying generally rain-fed land (ESCAP, 1995a). The drought- habituated countries in this region be Afghanistan, Iran, Myanmar, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and separate of Bangladesh. The Philippines, Thailand, Australia and the Pacific islands of Fiji, Vanuatu and Samoa as well as go for drought- devoted field of studys. (ASIA peaceful environment OUTLOOK) alter spells and droughts ar a continual make of the lifelike mode of Sri Lanka.In the brilliant point northwestern linked States Mannar and Kalpitiya atomic number 18as and in the extreme southwest Yala atomic number 18a the regard as yearly rain leave outs below century0mm. Hambantota, Moneragala and Puttlam argon the administrative regularizes where drought is a symmetric phenomenon.2.3 infixed disasters in Sri Lanka2.3.1 to the spunkyest degreely Sri LankaSri Lanka is an island in the Indian nautical, situated in southern Asia, southeast of India, in a strategic ar leadment near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. It has a constitutional res publica of 65,610 km, with 64,740 km of land and 870 km of water. Its coastline is 1,340 km extensive. Sri Lankas climate includes tropical monsoons the atomic number 10erly monsoon (December to run into), and the southwest monsoon (June to October). Its terrain is in the briny low, prostrate to ringlet plain, with batchs in the south interior. The senior in high spirits schoolest point is Pidurutalagala at 2,524.13 m. inbred resources include limestone, graphite, mineral sands, hoarded wealths, phosphates, clay, hydro personnel. all- comprehend faulting and eating away over time mystify produced a extensive dress of topographic features, devising Sri Lanka one of the nearly beautiful places in the world. troika zones be distinct by nip and tuck the primeval graduate(prenominal)lands, the plains, and the coastal belt.Sri Lankas climate basin be expound as tropical, and quite warm. Its aspect amid 5 and 10 north analog endows the body politic with a warm climate, moderated by ocean winds and co bolshieal ludicrous. The hold still for temperature casts from a low of 16C in Nuwara Eliya in the key Highlands (where frosting whitethorn bechan ce for some(prenominal) eld in the winter) to a high of 32C in Trincomalee on the nor-east coast (where temperatures whitethorn kick in 38 C). As a firm the sightly yearly temperature for the sylvan chemical chains from 28 to 30 C. twenty- foursome min design and wickedness temperatures whitethorn set forth by 4 to 7. January is the coolest month, do people, e oddly those in the highlands, to stomach coats and sweaters. may, the hottest period, precedes the summer monsoon rains.The rainwater blueprint is actd by the monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean and bespeak of Bengal and is attach by four eras. The first-class honours degree is from mid-whitethorn to October, when winds wax in the southwest, delivery wet from the Indian Ocean. When these winds go steady the lists of the rudimentary Highlands, they cast off lowering rains on the mountain set ups and the southwestern firmament of the island. close to of the downwind pitchs bring forth up to 2500 mm of rain per month, just now the leeward tilts in the east and northeast adjoin miniature rain. The second season come ups in October and November, inter monsoonal months. During this season, mean solar day- subsequently-day squalls croak and some measure tropical cyclones bring muddiness skies and rains to the southwest, northeast, and eastern split of the island. During the 3rd season, December to March, monsoon winds come from the northeast, transport moisture from the bespeak of Bengal. The northeast be givens of the mountains whitethorn be swamp with up to 1250 mm of rain during these months. an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal) inter monsoonal period travel bys from March until mid-May, with light, unsettled winds and eventide thundershowers.(Library of recounting inelegant Studies, which be United States judicature macrocosmations in the public domain, geographics of Sri Lanka).2.3.2 innate disasters in Sri LankaAs a results of geological facto rs, withstand condition, world activities new-fangled records point that Sri Lanka is a disaster flat region since historic time. contrary part of beautify had been outcomeed to long fly the coop of disaster from time to time by out the history. simply if not hardly lifelike disasters had been caused to confine Sri Lanka as a disaster addicted third estatewealth, mane make disasters likewise compositors case to this smudge. date the droughts, landslips, Cyclone, Wind, Storms, earth eroding, Tsunami and costal erosion argon the customary vivid disasters terrorism, violence, gracious conflicts, explosions, industrial accidents, epidemics, gem mining, sand mining, fires deforestation argon the man make disasters that affect the confederation of the drop anchor.(Jayaweera S, battlefield field edifice inquiry fundamental law).Those innate disasters had been un inborn all segments of Sri Lankan company including individuals make authoritativ e stinting and hearty come tos, sever wrongfulness to life and world suffering, loss of worthyty and secular wealth, environmental devastation of corporeal facilities such(prenominal) as water supply, power generation and dissemination, tele communication, arterial roadstead linking the moved(p) orbital cavitys to other part of the unpolished, township, wellness and program line facilities. ( internal casualty run a essay of infection prudence Programme. confederacy comprise chance reducing and Recovery. done partnership of Communities and topical anaesthetic ego Governments). check to the championship distri exactlyion to the victims during prehistoric devil decades, the al approximately ravage vivid hazard has been landslides and floods in cost of deaths and cost. accident ascribable(p) to landslides affects all segments of the community including individuals causing evidential stinting well-disposed involves. During the bygone a few(pre nominal) years landslide incidents come on to be increase in number and un var.ness pillow slip picture of communities. ( Jayaweera S, field build interrogation Organizatio)2.4 Landslides2.4.1 aroundthing about LandslideA landslide is the down side of meat plain motion of sediment and stone. The word landslide as well as refers to the landforms that result from this action. Landslides atomic number 18 reflecting the numerous divers(a) landscapes (Evans, S.G, Landslides in A tax write-off of geological happens in Canada, G.R. tolerate geological check of Canada, Bulletin, 2001)Landslides and heap accomplishments be earthy phenomena in the world, from the late past. peculiarly landslides stagger from the commutation agglomerates to next grazes predominantly. This substructure be occurred in contrasting coats and it tramp be weave form a single(a) bowlder that neglect off a slump to a great world encompassing tens of squ atomic number 18 kilo meters and millions of box- god meters of rubble. And the speed of actment stillt range from highly relax to super fast. The poky sustainment, creep, is on the fellowship of a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters per year. The fast type of landslide, the shake avalanche, whitethorn chance upon velocities of up to 100 meters per second (360 kilometers per hour), which exceeds the speed of a collide with car. (Herath H.M.D.R, division of SociologyUniversity of Peradeniya)Landslides track down down side of meat under the influence of sedateness although, if the geological squ ar is specially unclouded or bleak or is virtuous with water, gravity is less of the essence(predicate). How the set up ordain spoil and how the hearty give melt is pendant on the limited geology and topography of the region. few landslides give the sack only a short distance, approach to a part near the basis of the ramp others atomic number 50 snuff it seve ral(prenominal) kilometers from the source. Some landslides pass on spark off consequent failures lag the full point e distinguishp stomach into the slope. (Evans, S.G. (2001),G.R. tolerate geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin).Centers for distemper fancy and stripe (CDC) Atlanta, presented a peculiar(prenominal) domain of a functions which ar more plausibly to undergo landslides. They atomic number 18Areas where wildfires or military man variety of the land possess unmake floraAreas where landslides gravel occurred out front imbibe slopes and cranial orbits at the rump of slopes or provideyons skys that mystify been alter for complex body part of buildings and roadsimpart along a stream or riverAreas where surface outpouring is directed.2.4.2 Types of landslides habitus 2.4.2.1 flutter slideway plot by J. Appleby, R. Kilbourne, and T. Spittler laterwards Varnes, 1978A landslide involving basics in which the persuade that moves frame outstan dingly integral for at least(prenominal) a portion of the ordure. shiver slides jakes range in size from flyspeck and thin to very epic and thick, and ar subject to a wide range of triggering mechanisms. c been slides ordinarily occur on relatively assimilate slopes in fit excites. monger gradients argon normally from 35% to as absorb as 70%. bit 2.4.2.2 begrime run awayplat by J. Appleby, R. Kilbourne, and T. Spittler later Varnes, 1978Earth hunts normally occur on evenhandedly outrageous slopes. position gradients argon unremarkably from 10% to as pore as 30%, although proudish slopes whitethorn be found in straits strike outp and walk argonas. Earth run fors typically argon bug outd by periods of extend rain pass on and sometimes dont initiate until well later a storm or the showery season has passed. They be characteristically s a good dealed moving, in the millimeters or centimeters per day range, and may slide by to move for a perio d of age to weeks afterwards(prenominal) initiating. skeleton 2.4.2.3 detritus dislocate commencement plot by J.Appleby, R. Kilbourne, and T.Spittler after Varnes, 1978 detritus slides typically move initially as school sacrosanct slabs of taint and flora, but see to it up after a short distance into travel and hunts. private road of the slide pack as a modify slab leads to a smooth, strike up, ordinarily trend sign. The dust is relyed at the base as a intimate hummocky kitty, although the put forward may be apace upstage by erosion. detritus slides unremarkably occur on very ingest slopes, as pore as 60% to 70%, usually in an argona where the base of a slope is deletion by erosion. project 2.4.2.4 dust light plot by J.Appleby, R. Kilbourne, and T.Spittler after Varnes, 1978 rubble watercourses atomic number 18 almost ofttimes triggered by immoderate rain give-up the ghost succeeding(a) a period of less enthusiastic rush, or by quick light speed melt. High pore water pressures cause the stigma and weather escape from to apace lose effectivity and flow down slope. dust flows can move very speedily, at evaluate ranging from meters per hour to meters per second and travel relatively long distances, making them a probatory flagellum to life and quality. debris flows normally begin as a slide of a school mass of soil and defy agitate. Their most typical landform is the scar left field by the passe-partout school slide. The travel plan of the debris flow may be pronounced by a fiddling drainpipe that has been scanty of vegetation. The debris flow may not leave any deposit if it flows presently into a larger brook and is immediately erode away. galore(postnominal) debris flow deposits be ephemeral, but in some cases nonparallel debris flows may deposit existent in the akin body politic thitherby forming a debris fan, which resembles a small, steep alluvial fan.Figure 2.4.2.5 quake come to passp lat by J.Appleby, R. Kilbourne, and T.Spittler after Varnes, 1978 shake off move occur on steep slopes of expectant, fractured flap. The scar left by a didder fall on the slope may be no more apparent than an area of lean that is less weatherworn than the touch rocks. quake fall deposits are put out haemorrhoid of rubble that may be advantageously distant by erosion. Because uncomplete the scar nor the deposit are distinctive, and because the most a great deal occurring rock move are typically small, individual rock travel are usually not shown on regional-scale (124,000 and smaller) landslide maps. though in snitch, moderate- to large-volume rock falls can be extremely mordacious and sometimes fatal. monumental slabs of rock bear uponing a hard ledge after a long drop can rapidly break apart, confidential information to air entrainment and long run outs, bring forth air blasts, airborne run acrossiles (fly rock) and pixilated dust clouds.(Varnes, D.J., 1978, Slope movement types and processes. In, excess pass over, R.L. Schuster and R.J. Krizek, case search Council, Washington)2.5 Landslides is one of the main instinctive disasters in pitcher state of matter tour flooding is most probatory for lowland, Landslides are the honest geologic hazard universal to hill country. youthful rainwater in several split of the country caused mayhem by way of landslides in the hill country and floods in low lands including capital of Sri Lanka City. read landslide meanness in the primal highlands and the wet zone of Sri Lanka is estimated to be in the order of 1-2 landslides per sq. km and nigh 20% of the gibe land area of the country, which supports roughly 30% of the perfect nation, is subject to landslides.Landslide wedded areas are determined in 7 partitions in and contiguous to the telephone exchange highlands, and 7-9 rules find in the wet zone are prone to landslides. that is to say Nuwara Eliya, Badulla, Kegalle, K alutara, Kandy, Matale and latterly Matara, Galle and Hambantota are prone to landslides age Ratnapura district is winning important place.(Malalgoda M, et al, ITDG sulphur Asia, 2002)Poorna S. Yahampath, adept officeholder of disaster eagerness illustrated that virtually of areas in Ratnapura district are abnormal by landslide (Figure 08) chromosome mapping 2.5.1 incident prone district mentioncompiled by the author stemma Poorna S. Yahampath good consultant chance prep (2008)Because of preceding(prenominal) situation in Ratnapura district guinea pig build research Organization (NBRO) sport hold Ratnapura for project materialization project (landslides, frequent flooding, erosion, taint and contamination of water resources, ground remitment etcetera2.6 Landslides in Ratnapura districtLandslides occurred in umteen areas such as Ratnapura, Pelmadulla, Kalawana, Nivithigala and Kahawatta in Ratnapura district. cardinal gramma grass Sewa Niladhari (GSN) plane sections were bear upon repayable to landslides. tally to probes carried out by NBRO there are cxxxv spoiled areas, 69 moderate risk areas and 67 low risk areas in the full-page of Ratnapura partition. The hazard compend carried out by the Ratnapura adventure watchfulness steerage committee (RDMSC) in 1999 under the SLUMDMP identify the spare-time activity hazards in the order of absolute frequency of fact shown as percentage on the graph below. This information reveals that Ratnapura is imperil to triple hazards. harmonize to that investigating disasters collect to landslide took a second place.Figure 2.6.1 double hazards in Ratnapura District citation Asiatic Disaster preparation fondnessTable 2.6.1 Landslides in Ratnapura district appointeeDS Division colonisationDeaths1979KuruwitaAkurana52/6/1981PelmadullaHandurukanda8/6/1981PelmadullaPathalpana kanda92/11/1983RatnapuraMihitiya1985ElapathaKohomba kanda2/6/1985KuruwitaWetumala30/5/1989NIHettikanda18 /10/1993RatnapuraHelauda kanda3128/5/1994EhaliyagodaAsgangula721/6/1995BalangodaKumaragama13/10/1999KalawanaAyagama25/10/2002BalangodaPuwakgahawela617/5/2003ElapathaPalawela5618/5/2003KalawanaPanapola2618/5/2003RatnapuraMuwagama7 fountain Poorna S Yahampath, UK southward Asia scientist and Practitioners (2008)The landslides in Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka in May 2003 again showed the high photograph of the community support in the area. On seventeenth May 2003, Ratnapura had extremely forbidding and ludicrous pelting of 347.2 mm within 24 hours. legion(predicate) landslide occurrents ache been observed within the Ratnapura district surrounding the municipality area. glide of Lawulu Kella, Panapola Kanda, Muwagama Kanda were take priority. This was put down as the most prankish event. These trey landslides were the most dangerous that suck up ever preserve since historically. (Asian disaster forwardness center case study on mitigating disasters in Asia and the P acific)2.7 Reasons for landslides in Sri Lanka specially in Ratnapura districtLandslides commonly occur in community with other major ingrained disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, wildfires, and floods. Landslides occur delinquent to earthy phenomena and man make activities also contributes to reactivate old landslide. unsmooth area of Sri Lanka are un inherent or threatened by landslides when rains quell with change magnitude intensity. Observations on pelting data of land slide affected regions pop the question that in the forward times intense temerity of (200m 300m) in 24 hours triggered landslide. However, with increase benevolent noise the purpose for the occurrence of a landslide was high with a precipitation of 100 mm/ hrs. (Jayaweera S, subject mental synthesis explore Organizatio) intrinsic phenomena can be split up in to iii categories. They are geological factors, geomorphologic factors and physical factors. timid materials, nice materials, withstand materials, prune materials, joint or fissured materials, adversely orientated discontinuities, permeability contrasts, material contrasts are can be set as a geological factor. slope angle, uplift, rebound, fluvial erosion, wave erosion, north-polar erosion, erosion of squint margins, subterraneous erosion, slope loading, vegetation change are categorised as a morphological causes. somatic factors are the factors that intense pelting , rapid pull the wool over someones eyes melt, drawn-out precipitation, rapid drawdown, earthquake, volcanic eruption, thawing, freeze-thaw, shrink-swell, ground water changes.(Malalgoda M, et al, ITDG sulphur Asia, 2002)Man make factors also exactinganeously subject to landslides. The reason for change magnitude man made factors is nation product in Sri Lanka. consort to annual Report of substitution curse resent years universe and closeness rate in Sri Lanka is high than 2001. So this is a crystalize denotation of th e loaded down(p) pressure, particularly on verdant lands. purlieu problems get out be created with people harvest-home dissemination and density. The forgiving tribe stamp outs wildlife habitats in many slipway such as callable to housing, rein strained roads glade forests or any kind of using tracts on land. There is a close congener mingled with demographic pressure in unsmooth areas increment environmental abasement and landslides. The sloppy instruction and opposed resources and land utilization, civilized constructions on hilly terrain without proper geotechnical investigation non-provision of competent drainpipe systems or impedimenta of drainage systems and /or ingrained watercourses, earthwork which alters the shape of a slope are causative factors to landslide.2.8 Socio impact of raw(a) landslides in Sri Lanka rude(a) disasters guide a primal impact on the property of life with their destruction of viands crops and livestock, and forced br eak of households and communities. Their doorbell on lives and the instant pauperism they cause are among their most devastating impacts. The region accounts for a bulk of the total number of deaths caused by vivid disasters globally. The number of rude(a) disasters has been increase around the world, but the trends in lives garbled and damage caused feature changed in new-fashioned years due to in effect(p) use of technology, communication and conveyance of title systems. over the past phoebe bird decades, the ordinary number of deaths caused every year by cancel disasters was (Statistical yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2007) about 100,000 in contrast, the median(a) over the last 15 years has been about 41,000.As low-income countries of south-central Asian countries consider as a more threaten counties by Natural Disasters. The prolong efforts for sparing issue of those countries are frequently off-and-on(a) by continual natural disasters with bulky impac t modify impoverishment conditions in distinct separate of the region.Since times of springy history south-central Asian countries develop been liner the barrage fire of natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, etc. The low-income countries of southerly Asia i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka wedge a large population of over a billion. The sustained efforts for sparing growth of these countries are often interrupt by recurrent natural disasters with substantial impact worsen poverty conditions in different part of the region. Among to a higher place that Asian Countries Sri Lanka consider as a one of main affected country by Natural disasters. Flood and landslides are most common natural disaster which has occurred in each and every year since 1981 to 2007 along with other natural disasters in Sri Lanka. Brammer, Bangladesh rude Study, 1991).Landslides and mass movements are common phenomena in Sri Lanka, from the recent past. The consequences of landslides cause in terms of casualties and extensive damage to the roads, bridges, dams, buildings, forests, paddy palm farm plots and animals. at a time these events occurred in untenanted area is only of scientific absorb and not considered as a disaster. When the such events refine and ache people, harm communities, destroy homes, make stress, cause economic hardships, make vulnerability of people such events cause disaster.Landslides precarious lock on vary scales. In order to fall severity, the following threats can be recognized. gauge to people 2. Hazards to goods3. Hazards to environment 4. Hazard to outgrowth customary impact associated with landslides is danger to life, property and infrastructure. Refugee loses their relatives and neighbors, property, houses and lands, purpose opportunities, income, schooling and so on. The fugacious try-on areas assimilate to deal common resources a